Automated Network Configuration of Virtual Machines in a Virtual Lab Environment

ABSTRACT

Methods, systems, and computer programs for creating virtual machines (VM) and associated networks in a virtual infrastructure are presented. The method defines virtual network templates in a database, where each virtual network template includes network specifications. A configuration of a virtual system is created, which includes VMs, virtual lab networks associated with virtual network templates, and connections from the VMs to the virtual lab networks. Further, the configuration is deployed in the virtual infrastructure resulting in a deployed configuration. The deployment of the configuration includes instantiating in the virtual infrastructure the VMs of the configuration, instantiating in the virtual infrastructure the virtual lab networks, retrieving information from the database, and creating and executing programming instructions for the VMs. The database information includes the network specifications from the virtual network templates associated with the virtual lab networks, and network resources for the virtual lab networks from a pool of available network resources. The programming instructions are created for the particular Guest Operating System (GOS) running in each VM based on the GOS and on the retrieved database information. When executed in the corresponding VM GOS, the programming instructions configure the VMs network interfaces with the corresponding network specifications.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to U.S. patent application No. ______(Attorney Docket No. A366) filed on the same day as the instantapplication and entitled “MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ENCLOSEDLOCAL NETWORKS IN A VIRTUAL LAB”, which is incorporated herein byreference.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

Virtualization of computer resources generally involves abstractingcomputer hardware, which essentially isolates operating systems andapplications from underlying hardware. Hardware is therefore sharedamong multiple operating systems and applications wherein each operatingsystem and its corresponding applications are isolated in correspondingVMs and wherein each VM is a complete execution environment. As aresult, hardware can be more efficiently utilized.

Virtual labs, such as VMware's vCenter Lab Manager™ from the assignee ofthe present patent application, enable application development and testteams to create and deploy complex multi-tier system and networkconfigurations on demand quickly. Testing engineers can set up, capture,and reset virtual machine configurations for demonstration environmentsin seconds. In addition, hands-on labs can be quickly configured anddeployed, to be used for lab testing, hands-on training classes, etc.

While the deployment of virtual lab environments can be done in seconds,configuring the virtual lab environments is time consuming due to theneed to specify the virtual machines and networks in the environment,and the need to configure the virtual machines, which includes networksettings and other resources required by the virtual machines. Inaddition, when multiple environments are deployed at the same time,there can be resource conflicts such as the appearance of two VMsinstantiated with the same Internet Protocol (IP) address.

SUMMARY

In one embodiment, the method defines virtual network templates in adatabase, where each virtual network template includes networkspecifications. In addition, the method creates a configuration of avirtual system which includes VMs, virtual lab networks associated withvirtual network templates, and connections from the VMs to the virtuallab networks. Further, the configuration is deployed in the virtualinfrastructure resulting in a deployed configuration. The deployment ofthe configuration includes instantiating in the virtual infrastructurethe VMs of the configuration, instantiating in the virtualinfrastructure the virtual lab networks, retrieving information from thedatabase, and creating and executing programming instructions for theVMs. The database information includes the network specifications fromthe virtual network templates associated with the virtual lab networksand network resources for the virtual lab networks from a pool ofavailable network resources. The programming instructions are createdfor the particular guest operating system (GOS) running in each VM basedon the GOS and the retrieved database information. When executed in thecorresponding VM GOS, the programming instructions configure the VMsnetwork interfaces with the corresponding network specifications.

In another embodiment, a computer program embedded in acomputer-readable storage medium, when executed by one or moreprocessors, performs the method operations. In yet another embodiment, asystem for creating VMs and associated networks in a virtualinfrastructure includes a database and an application module. Thedatabase stores virtual network templates, configurations of virtualsystems, virtual lab networks created, and a pool of available networkresources for each of the virtual lab networks created. Each of thevirtual network templates includes network specifications, and each ofthe configurations includes VMs, virtual lab networks associated withvirtual network templates, and connections from the VMs to the virtuallab networks. The application module deploys a configuration resultingin a deployed configuration. The process of deployment includes theoperations of instantiating in the virtual infrastructure the VMs of theconfiguration, instantiating in the virtual infrastructure the virtuallab networks of the configuration, retrieving information from thedatabase, and creating and transmitting programming instructions for theVMs. The retrieved information from the database contains the networkspecifications from the virtual network templates associated with thevirtual lab networks and information about network resources for thevirtual lab networks from the pool of available network resources. Theprogramming instructions are defined according to the GOS of each VM andthe retrieved information from the database.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 includes an architectural diagram of an embodiment of a virtualinfrastructure system.

FIG. 2 illustrates the architecture of the virtual lab server inaccordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 3 depicts the host architecture for instantiating Virtual Machines(VM) with multiple Virtual Network Interface Cards (VNIC) in accordancewith one or more embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates a deployment of a configuration with VMs connected totwo networks in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 5 shows a sample embodiment of a virtual lab interface inaccordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates the deployment of fenced networks in accordance withone or more embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates the relationships among the different elements of thedatabase and the processes related to these elements in accordance withone or more embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates the deployment of a configuration using VM templatesand network templates in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIGS. 9A-C illustrate three embodiments for different methods to performnetwork matching.

FIG. 10 illustrates an operation for joining two different deploymentsin accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 11 shows data structures used by the virtual lab in accordance withone or more embodiments.

FIG. 12 shows the process flow for creating VMs and associated networksin a virtual infrastructure in accordance with one or more embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a simplified schematic diagram of a computer system forimplementing embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following embodiments describe a method and apparatus for creatingvirtual machines (VM) and associated networks in a virtualinfrastructure. It will be obvious, however, to one skilled in the art,that the present invention may be practiced without some or all of thesespecific details. In other instances, well known process operations havenot been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure thepresent invention.

Embodiments of the invention provide the ability to build and reusearbitrary network topologies in a virtual laboratory environmentincluding the ability to create and manage private and shared networks,connect virtual machines to networks, configure programmatically singleand multi-homed guests, and manage Media Access Control (MAC) andInternet Protocol (IP) address reservation, among other features. Avirtual lab module provides management capabilities for the virtual labenvironments in order to simplify the process of creating and deployingthe virtual lab environments. The virtual lab module automates theprocess of configuring the VMs in the virtual lab environments byprogrammatically creating scripts or programs that run in the GuestOperating System (GOS) of the VM to configure the network settings ofthe VM.

FIG. 1 includes an architectural diagram of an embodiment of a virtualinfrastructure system. Virtual infrastructure 102 includes one or morevirtual infrastructure servers 104 that manage a plurality of hosts 106.Virtual machines 108 are instantiated in hosts 106, and the multiplehosts share a plurality of resources within the virtual infrastructure,such as shared storage 110. A configuration is a core element of avirtual lab and is composed of virtual machines and virtual labnetworks. Virtual lab users can group, deploy, save, share, and monitormulti-machine configurations. Configurations reside in the library or inuser workspaces, in which case they are referred to as workspaceconfigurations.

Virtual lab networks can be categorized as private networks and sharednetworks. Private networks in a configuration are those networksavailable exclusively to VMs in the configuration, that is, only VMs inthe configuration can have a Network Interface Controller (NIC) orVirtual NIC (VNIC) connected directly to a switch or virtual switch(VSwitch) for the private network. Access to data on a private networkis restricted to members of the configuration, that is, the privatenetwork is isolated from other entities outside the configuration. Inone embodiment, a private network in the configuration can be connectedto a physical network to provide external connectivity to the VMs in theprivate network, as discussed in more detail below. Private networks ina configuration are also referred to herein as Configuration LocalNetworks (CLN) or virtual networks. Shared networks, also referred toherein as shared physical networks or physical networks, are availableto all VMs in the virtual infrastructure, which means that aconfiguration including a shared network will enable VMs on the sharednetwork to communicate with other VMs in the virtual infrastructureconnected, directly or indirectly, to the shared network.

Deploying a configuration causes the VMs and networks in theconfiguration to be instantiated in the virtual infrastructure.Instantiating the VMs includes registering the VMs in the virtualinfrastructure and powering-on the VMs. When an individual VM from aconfiguration is deployed, virtual lab deploys all shared networks andCLNs associated with the configuration using the network connectivityoptions in the configuration. If one network in the configurationalready exists in the virtual infrastructure, the deployment will usethe existing network. If the network does not exist, the deployment willrequest from the virtual infrastructure the instantiation of thenetwork. In one embodiment, not all the VMs are instantiated because theuser selects which VMs to be instantiated in the virtual infrastructure.Deploying the configuration also includes connecting NICs of the VMs tothe virtual lab networks. Undeploying a configuration de-instantiatesthe VMs in the configuration from the virtual infrastructure.De-instantiating VMs includes powering off or suspending the VMs andun-registering the VMs from the virtual infrastructure. The state of thedeployment can be saved in storage or discarded. Saving the memory statehelps debugging memory-specific issues and makes VMs in theconfiguration ready for deployment and use almost instantly.

Virtual lab server 112 manages and deploys virtual machineconfigurations in a collection of hosts 106. It should be appreciatedthat not all hosts 106 need to be part of the scope of virtual labserver 112, although in one embodiment, all the hosts are within thescope of virtual lab server 112. Virtual lab server 112 manages hosts106 by communicating with virtual infrastructure server 104, and byusing virtual lab server agents installed on those hosts. In oneembodiment, virtual lab server 112 communicates with virtualinfrastructure server 104 via an Application Programming Interface(API), for example, to request the instantiation of VMs and networks.

Although virtual lab server 112 is used to perform some management taskson hosts 106, the continuous presence of virtual lab server 112 is notrequired for the normal operation of deployed VMs, which can continue torun even if virtual lab server 112 becomes unreachable, for examplebecause a network failure. One or more users 116 interface with virtuallab server 112 and virtual infrastructure 102 via a computer interface,which in one embodiment is performed via web browser.

FIG. 2 illustrates the architecture of virtual lab server 112 inaccordance with one embodiment. User interface module 202 provides avirtual lab console for user 116 to perform different virtual laboperations, such as creating, copying, and cloning configurations,creating VMs, creating network templates, deploying, un-deploying andre-deploying configurations, sharing configurations and templates,creating terminal consoles for the VMs, etc. A network template containsthe specification of a virtual lab network. One or more VNICs can beassociated with a network template, and when the VM is deployed, virtuallab creates a virtual lab network based on the network template andconnects the VNIC to that network. Network templates allowadministrators and template creators to predefine the virtual networksavailable for other users. A network template provides control andconsistency across the virtual lab installation and within anorganization. Network templates can be shared with other users in anorganization or across the entire virtual lab installation. A virtualmachine template is a VM image loaded with an operating system,applications, and data. After a VM template is defined, users canquickly and easily create multiple VMs based on the VM template withouthaving to reinstall software or redo setup tasks on each VM. Using VMtemplates ensures that VMs are consistently configured across an entireorganization.

Application module 204 executes the core functionality of virtual labserver 112. Database manager 216 interfaces with database 110, residingin the virtual infrastructure shared storage, to store and retrieve theinformation used by virtual lab server 112. This information includestemplates 206 (VMs and networks), virtual lab deployments 208, virtuallab configurations 210, virtual lab users and groups 212, and virtuallab networks 214. More details on the different elements in the databaseare described below in reference to FIG. 7. Virtualizationinfrastructure interface 218 in virtual lab server 112 sends andreceives information to and from virtual infrastructure 104, such as forexample to request that VMs be instantiated in the virtualinfrastructure.

It should be appreciated that the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 2 areexemplary virtual lab modules, and other modules have been omitted forsimplicity of description. Other embodiments may utilize differentmodules or configurations of modules. For example, in one embodiment thedata structures are stored in a database not part of the virtualinfrastructure pool of resources. The embodiments illustrated in FIG. 2should therefore not be interpreted to be exclusive or limiting, butrather exemplary or illustrative.

FIG. 3 depicts one embodiment of the host 302 architecture forinstantiating VMs 306 with multiple VNICs 310. Hypervisor 304, alsoreferred to as virtual infrastructure layer, manages the assignment ofVMs 306 in host 302 to remote users. VM 306 includes GOS 308 andmultiple VNICs 310. Each VNIC 310 is connected to a virtual switch(VSwitch) 312 that provides network switch functionality for each of thenetwork interfaces. Virtual switches 312 are connected to a physical NICdevice in the host to connect to network 316. Each of the VNICs andVSwitches are independent, thus a VM can connect to several networks viaseveral VNICs that connect to one or more physical NIC devices 314. Inanother embodiment, each VSwitch 312 is connected to a differentphysical NIC device, thus each VSwitch 312 provides connectivity fornetworks implemented on the corresponding network attached to thephysical NIC device. For example, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG.3, physical network 316 carries traffic for two different networks,Network 1 and Network 4. VSwitch 312 assigns a set of ports to Network 1and a different set of ports to Network 4, where each set of portssupports MAC addressing for the corresponding network. Thus, packetswith IP addresses from Network 1 coexist with packets with IP addressesfrom Network 4 on the same transmission media.

FIG. 4 illustrates a deployment of a configuration with VMs connected totwo networks. FIG. 4 illustrates one of the advantages of havingmultiple VNICs in each VM, where Client, Server 1, and Server 2 VMs areconnected to two different networks, the Heartbeat Network and the LabNetwork. In one embodiment, the Lab Network is used for normal datatransfers, while the Heartbeat Network is used to monitor the differentVMs in order to detect a VM failure while providing an alternativecommunication path.

FIG. 5 shows a sample embodiment of a virtual lab interface. In oneembodiment, a remote user connects to virtual lab console 502 viaInternet browser, but other Graphic User Interfaces (GUI) are alsopossible, as well as command line interfaces (CLI) and applicationprogramming interfaces (API). Menu 504 is used to select commands forexecution by the virtual lab server. Virtual lab option field 506provides additional functionality to the user, such as selecting viewingoptions and requesting execution of other virtual lab commands. FIG. 5illustrates a screen capture of virtual lab console 502 at a moment intime. The virtual lab console displays list of configurations 508available to the user. This list of configurations 508 includes fourcolumns: Consoles for the iconic representation of deployed orundeployed configuration VM status, Configuration name, Status of theconfiguration, and Owner of the configuration. The status of theconfiguration can be deployed, being deployed, undeployed, etc. Inanother embodiment, other fields are available in list of configurations508. A navigation bar 510 enables the user to scroll through the list ofconfigurations.

When a user connects to the virtual lab, the user can add resourcepools, virtual lab hosts, physical networks to use with virtual lab VMs,etc. Further, the user can add and synchronize media stores, createorganizations, and add users and groups to those organizations. Userscontrol their configurations and their VMs, and can share a savedconfiguration in the virtual lab library with other users. For example,if a testing engineer is working with a configuration and finds a bug,the engineer can save the deployment in the library to preserve itscurrent state. The test engineer can then share the saved deploymentwith other engineers, such as a developer. The developer can then accessand review the “live” configuration in the virtual lab.

When a user creates a configuration, the user specifies the contents ofthe configuration, such as the name of the configuration, a description,policy for fencing (fencing described below in reference to FIG. 6),member VMs, etc. When configuring each VM, the user specifies a VMtemplate for the VM, the name for the VM, and the network informationfor the VM. The network information options are based on how the VMtemplate has been defined. In one embodiment, the network informationincludes at least the specification of a primary NIC for VMs withmultiple NICs. The primary NIC setting determines the default gatewayfor the virtual machine. In addition, configurations can be cloned tocreate new copies of the configuration, and configurations can bemodified to incorporate all or some of the elements from anotherconfiguration. For example, virtual lab can copy the network environmentin one configuration to another configuration, while allowing each ofthe configurations to have its own private pool of IP addresses whendeployed, as discussed in more detail below.

It should be appreciated that the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 5 areexemplary user interfaces to enable a user to interact with the virtuallab application. Other embodiments may utilize different fields, or mayarrange the fields in varying manners. The embodiments illustrated inFIG. 5 should therefore not be interpreted to be exclusive or limiting,but rather exemplary or illustrative.

FIG. 6 illustrates the deployment of fenced networks according to oneembodiment. Virtual lab implements network fencing, an architecture thatisolates or “fences” VM configurations while giving the VMs full networkaccess. Fencing enables multiple deployments of the same configurationon the same physical network. For example, when concurrent developmentor testing on the same configuration is desired, the user can duplicateor clone the configuration. When a cloned configuration is created,virtual lab assigns the same network parameters to the cloned VMs andthe VMs retain the same network configuration. If the original andcloned configurations are deployed at the same time, duplicate addresserrors can be avoided by deploying one of the configurations in fencedmode.

When VMs in a configuration have preconfigured IP addresses and the VMsare deployed in fenced mode, virtual lab assigns a unique external IPaddress to each of these VMs. Through these external addresses, VMsinside the fence and VMs outside the fence can communicate with eachother. Virtual lab uses a VM called a virtual router to route packetsbetween these VMs. The virtual router has at least two virtual NICs and“routes” traffic between the networks connected to the virtual NICs. Inone embodiment, virtual lab configures the virtual router when a fencedconfiguration is deployed and deletes the virtual router when theconfiguration is undeployed.

Referring now to the fenced deployments shown in FIG. 6, configuration602 named Athena has been cloned and deployed. Additionally, the clonedconfiguration has also been deployed, resulting in two deployments ofconfigurations with the same elements. Configuration 602 includes VMs Aand B, and network Blue 604 with subnet 192.168.0/16. In theconfiguration, VMs A and B have IP addresses of 192.168.0.1 and192.168.0.2, respectively. The first deployment Deployment 1 608 hasbeen deployed un-fenced, and the second deployment Deployment 2 610 hasbeen deployed in fenced mode. Because Deployment 1 608 is unfenced, theresulting VMs A1 and B1 connect directly to shared network 192.168.0/16.It should be noted that to deploy configuration 602 in un-fenced mode, ashared network with the same network specification must exist so the VMsin the configuration can use the network addresses on the sharednetwork.

Because Deployment 2 610 is fenced, fenced network 612 with exclusiveaccess only to the VMs in Deployment 2 is created. VMs A2 and B2 inDeployment 2 610 have the addresses defined in the configuration, butthese addresses are only used within fenced network 612. Virtual router614 connects fenced network 612 with shared network Blue 616. Each ofthe “fenced” VMs A2 and B2 gets assigned an external IP address fromBlue network 616, 192.168.0.3 and 192.168.0.4, respectively. Virtualrouter 614 performs address translation for packets travelling in or outof Deployment 2 610, thus translating 192.168.0.1 with 192.168.03 for VMA2, and 192.168.0.2 with 192.168.0.4 for VM B2.

FIG. 7 illustrates the relationships among the different elements of thedatabase and the processes related to these elements, in accordance withone embodiment. Virtual lab accesses and saves information in database716 and in Data Store 702, which includes some of the data structuresused by the program executing virtual lab. Information in Data Store 702includes VMs 704 which can be associated with a Configuration 706.Information in Database 716 includes Network templates, VM templates,Configurations, Virtual lab networks (shared networks and CLNs), andDeployments.

Virtual lab uses a network abstraction to simplify the task ofconfiguring networks in VMs. Each virtual lab network has a collectionof network settings required for configuring VMs VNICs so that the VMscan connect and communicate with each other. The collection of networksettings includes the network mask, default gateway, domain name server(DNS), IP addressing mode, IP address range, fencing policy, etc.Without the help of a virtual lab network, the user would have to enterthese settings once for every VM network interface. To simplify theconfiguration of networks, the user specifies the network settings for avirtual lab network and then associates the network interface of a VMwith a virtual lab network. Virtual lab can then automatically configurenetwork interfaces for the deploying VM using the pertinent settingsfrom the associated virtual lab network. This automatic configuration ofnetworks reduces errors and saves time.

When a user requests an operation to create a network template 708,virtual lab collects the required information and then creates a networktemplate which is stored in Database 716. Using network templatessimplifies the process of adding multiple virtual networks to multipleconfigurations. As previously discussed, a network template is aspecification of network settings, and a network template is differentfrom a network in that the network template does not represent an actualnetwork segment (i.e. network carrying traffic), but rather representsan abstraction of a network. The user can use a network template toquickly and easily create and add virtual lab networks, which wouldinherit a copy of the template's settings, in a configuration. Further,virtual lab can create physical and virtual networks based on a networkspecification and then create virtual networks based on thespecification of a physical network, such that the virtual network andthe physical network are identical in all respects.

When a user creates VM template 710 in virtual lab, the users specifiesinformation such as name of the template, description, GOS, number ofvirtual Central Processing Units (CPU), memory, disk size, network, IPaddress mode, etc. In one embodiment, there are three choices for the IPaddress mode, static-IP pool, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP), and static manual. The static-IP pool mode allows virtual lab toassign static IP addresses to VNICs, where the static IP addresses areobtained from a pool of IP addresses managed by virtual lab. DHCP modeallows virtual machines to pull IP addresses from a DHCP server, andstatic-manual mode allows the virtual lab to configure the VNIC with aspecific IP address. The use of static-IP pool mode allows the user totake advantage of static IP configurations while avoiding the appearanceof simultaneous duplicate IP addresses in the virtual infrastructurebecause virtual lab assigns a different IP address to each VNIC, wherethe different IP addresses are obtained from a pool of IP addressesmanaged by the virtual lab.

VM network interfaces in a VM template can be associated with networktemplates. When a user specifies a VM in the VM template and a networkassociated with a network template in the VM, virtual lab ties the VMtemplate to the associated network template. Further, virtual labenables network matching by providing automatic matching of equivalentnetwork settings between network templates and virtual lab networks.Network matching is based on the corresponding network settings and onhow a network was created. This allows the automated configuration of aVM resulting in proper VM network connectivity.

Additionally, when a user adds a new VM based on a VM template to anexisting configuration, virtual lab automatically connects the new VM'snetwork interfaces to the matching private virtual lab networks thatalready exist in the configuration. Virtual lab allows the user tocapture a VM by extracting the properties of the VM and creating a VMtemplate based on the properties extracted from the VM. Virtual labautomatically converts the network interfaces of the captured VM to amatching network template, when a match exists. Furthermore, when a VMis cloned or moved from one configuration to another, virtual labautomatically connects the VM's NICs to a matching network in thedestination configuration. The resulting VM template from Create VMtemplate operation 710 is stored in database 716 or in Data Store 702.

Create configuration 712 operation allows the user to define the VMs andnetworks in the configuration, as previously discussed. The VMs andnetworks can be based on VM templates and on network templates,respectively. The resulting configuration and virtual lab networks arestored in Database 716 or Data Store 702.

During Deploy 714 operation, virtual lab reads the configuration,instantiates the VMs and the networks, and runs scripts in the GOS ofthe VMs to configure the VNICs according to the network settings of thecorresponding virtual lab network. Virtual lab communicates with thevirtual infrastructure and sends a request to instantiate the VMs andthe networks. Instantiating a VM requires registering the VM in thevirtual infrastructure and powering-on the registered VM. The networksare instantiated in the corresponding virtual infrastructure hosts ifthe networks do not already exist in the hosts. When deploying aconfiguration, virtual lab uses the settings from VM templates andnetwork templates as needed.

Guest customization allows virtual lab to customize the network settingsfor a VM made from a VM template. Enabling guest customization on a VMtemplate configures a script to run every time the VM starts up. Thisscript reads the information regarding the VM and determines whatactions to take. Virtual lab sets up customization actions in the scriptinside the VM while deploying configuration VMs. In one embodiment, whenthese VMs first start up, the VM customization script performs therelevant actions, including the configuration of VNICs. In anotherembodiment, when these VMs start up after VM settings have changed, theVM customization script also performs the relevant actions. Deploying aconfiguration results in a deployed configuration in virtualinfrastructure 718, which includes the virtual lab hosts, the VMs, thedeployed configurations, and the deployed CLN and shared networks.

FIG. 8 illustrates the deployment of a configuration using VM templatesand network templates, according to one embodiment. Virtual lab library716 includes information regarding configuration C1 804 and relateddata, such as network templates Blue 802 and Red, VM Templates T1 808and T2 810, and shared Green network 812. Configuration C1 804 includesa Blue network based on Blue network template 802, a Red network basedon a Red network template, VM A based on VM template T1 808, VM B basedon VM template T2 810, and the Green shared network. Graphicalrepresentation of configuration C1 806 shows that VM A is connected tothe Blue and Red Networks, VM B is connected to the Blue Network, andthe Red network is connected to the shared network Green.

Network template 802 illustrates some of the parameters in the networktemplate Blue, such as default gateway, subnet mask, primary DNS, etc.VM templates T1 808 and T2 810 include information regarding the VMs inconfiguration C1 806. Finally, the table associated with shared networkGreen 812 includes network settings for the shared network.

In one embodiment, configuration C1 is cloned to create an identicalconfiguration C2. When both configurations C1 and C2 are deployed in thevirtual infrastructure, the result is two deployed configurations withidentical network specifications but that do not conflict with eachother. In particular, deployed C1 and C2 network addresses do notconflict with each other because virtual lab tracks the use of IPaddresses. When a VM in C1 or C2 is associated with a network address ina shared network, virtual lab configures the respective VMs with adifferent associated external network address. Virtual lab keeps trackof the resources deployed, such as the network addresses used by theVMs. More details on the data structures used by virtual lab to managethe pool of resources are given below in reference to FIG. 11.

In another embodiment, C1 and C2 include a CLN each. When bothconfigurations C1 and C2 are deployed, the CLNs in C1 and C2 have thesame network specifications. During deployment, virtual lab enables theCLNs from C1 and C2 to be isolated and independent from each other. Itis also possible that after copying C1 to C2, the CLN in C2 be modified,such that the CLNs in C1 and C2 are no longer identical, though theyinitially inherited properties from the same network template. In thisscenario, virtual lab still guarantees that the CLNs are isolated and donot conflict with each other.

In yet another embodiment, configuration C1 is cloned and then modifiedto obtain configuration C3. When both configurations C1 and C3 aredeployed in the virtual infrastructure virtual lab also guarantees thedeployed C1 and C3 do not conflict with each other. Although C3 has beenmodified, part of configuration C3 is identical to a part ofconfiguration C1, and virtual lab manages the identical settings aspreviously discussed with respect to cloned configurations. This ispossible because virtual lab keeps track of the deployed VMs' IPaddresses.

FIGS. 9A-C illustrate three embodiments for different methods to performnetwork matching. Method 902 illustrates how to add a VM to aconfiguration based on a VM template for the VM. In operation 904, themethod of FIG. 9A reads information about the VM from the VM template.As previously discussed, this information can include Guest OS, numberof processors, number and configuration of VNICs, etc. After operation904, the method flows to operation 930 to check if each network used bythe VM exists in the configuration. If the result of the check isnegative then the method flows to operation 932 where the network, ornetworks, in the VM not already in the configuration is added to theconfiguration. In operation 906, virtual lab configures the VM's VNICsto match the virtual networks existing in the configuration. The userhas the option of manually configuring the VNICs. After the VM's VNICshave been configured, virtual lab saves the configuration in operation908. As previously discussed in reference to FIG. 7, virtual lab cansave the information in Database 716, or in Data Store 702, or in bothDatabase 716 and Data Store 702.

Method 910 in FIG. 9B captures an existing VM in the virtualinfrastructure to create a VM template. After a VM in a configurationundergoes changes, such as the addition of software or alteredproperties, a user can also use the altered VM to create a new VMtemplate. The new VM template is a linked clone of the original VM. Inoperation 912, the VM template is created with the information from theexisting VM in the infrastructure. In operation 934 a check is performedto determine if the VM network matches an existing network in thetemplate. If the determination is negative, the method flows tooperation 936 where the NIC is disconnected and to operation 914otherwise. In operation 914, the VNICs in the VM are associated with thecorresponding network templates that were used to configure the VNICs inthe VM. Finally, the created VM template is saved in Database 716, or inData Store 702, or in both Database 716 and Data Store 702.

Method 918 in FIG. 9C illustrates how to clone or move a VM from oneconfiguration to another. A user can create a linked clone or a fullclone of a VM template to take advantage of software already installedon that VM template. A linked-clone operation generates a “quick” copyby creating a delta disk instead of copying an entire virtual hard disk.This operation addresses data space usage by using referentialprovisioning, a process that involves storing new changes but refersback to a chain of delta changes. A full-clone operation copies all thedelta disks and the base disk and consolidates them into a new basedisk. Additionally, a user can move VMs from one configuration toanother. A move operation removes the selected VMs from the sourceconfiguration and adds them to the destination configuration. Inoperation 920, the VM being cloned or moved is copied to the newconfiguration. After operation 920, the method flows to operation 930 tocheck if each network used by the VM exists in the configuration. If theresult of the check is negative then the method flows to operation 932where the network, or networks, in the VM not already in theconfiguration is added to the configuration. In operation 922 the VMVNICs are connected to a network in the configuration where the VM isbeing copied. After operation 922, the new configuration is saved inoperation 924.

FIG. 10 illustrates an operation for joining two different deployments,according to one embodiment. Deployment 1 152 includes VMs A and B, andCLN networks Blue1 and Red. Both CLN networks are connected to sharednetwork 158 via virtual routers 160 and 162, respectively. Deployment 2154 includes VMs C, D, and E, and CLNs Red and Blue2. Red CLN isconnected to shared network 158 via virtual router 164. Networks Blue1and Blue 2 have inherited their initial network settings from the sameBlue network template. However, Blue2 has been modified with respect tothe original network template and no longer has the same networksettings as Blue1. More specifically, Blue1 has external connectivityvia virtual router 162, while Blue2 is a CLN isolated inside Deployment2 154 with no external connectivity. On the other hand, both Rednetworks are derived from the same network template and have not beenmodified, thus both Red networks have identical network settings.

A user has requested to join both deployments into a new Deployment 1+2156. The user has selected to join the Red networks and to leaveisolated and separate Blue1 and Blue2 networks. Resulting Deployment 1+2156 has VMs A and B connected to network Blue1′ derived from networkBlue1. Blue1′ still has a virtual router 166 to provide externalconnectivity, as in Deployment 1 152. The other Blue-template relatednetwork is Blue2′, which is derived from Blue2 in Deployment 2 154. Aswith the original Deployment, Blue2′ is a CLN with connections only toVMs D and E. Virtual lab has maintained Blue1 and Blue2 separate, asrequested by the user. On the other hand, the Red networks have beenjoined together with VMs A, C, and D connected to the Red network, whichstill has a virtual router to provide a route to shared network 158. Itshould be noted that only one virtual router is needed for the joinednetwork, thus one of the two virtual routers 160 and 164 will beterminated.

FIG. 11 shows data structures used by the virtual lab in accordance withone embodiment of the invention. The Network table is used for trackingthe virtual lab networks created, which can be shared networks or CLNs.The Network table includes an identification for the network, the nameof the network, a description, user id of the owner, flag indicating ifthe network is physical or CLN, a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)identifier, network mask, gateway, DNS, etc. The NetworkIPRange table isa network address range table defining a pool of available networkaddresses for the virtual lab networks in the network table. TheNetworkIPRange table contains an identifier, a network identifier forthe network associated with the range, beginning of the range for thepool of network addresses, end of the range for the pool of networkaddress, etc. The ReservedIPAddress table is a reserved networkaddresses table defining the network addresses currently allocated toVMs. This table includes an identifier for the entry, a networkidentifier, network address, timeout for recycling the entry, etc. Whenvirtual lab configures VMs with networks, virtual lab uses theNetworkIPRange and ReservedIPAddress tables to assign network addressesto VMs that are unique. In this fashion, virtual lab prevents theassignment of duplicate IP addresses to configuration VMs. When virtuallab instantiates VMs and networks, virtual lab uses DeployedResourcesand ReservedIPAddress tables to prevent the duplicate deployment of thesame addresses.

The NetworkInterface table is a network interface table for tracking theconnections from the VMs to the virtual lab networks, that is,NetworkInterface table holds information regarding the configuration ofthe VNICs in the VMs. Each VNIC corresponds to one entry in the tableand includes a NIC identifier, VM identifier, MAC address, networkaddressing mode, network identifier, network mask, etc. TheConfiguration table is used for tracking deployed configurations of VMsand includes the configuration identifier, the name of theconfiguration, a description, the user identifier of the owner, etc. Inaddition, the VirtualMachine table is a VM table for tracking deployedVMs in the deployed configurations. The VM table includes an identifierfor the deployed VM, identifier for the configuration of the VM (linkedto the Configuration table), name of the VM, primary NIC, etc. Further,the ConfigurationNetwork table is a configuration network table fortracking deployed networks from the deployed configurations and includesan identifier for the entry, a configuration identifier (relating to theConfiguration table), network identifier, fencing parameters, etc.

Virtual lab provides access to resource pools in the virtualinfrastructure. The DeployedResources table is used to track theresources in use in the virtual infrastructure by the deployments ofvirtual lab. A resource pool is a logical structure that allowsdelegation of control over the resources of a host. VMs execute in, anddraw their resources from, resource pools. It should be appreciated thatthe data structures illustrated in FIG. 11 are exemplary data structuresfor virtual lab. Other embodiments may utilize different fields, or mayarrange the data in varying manners. The embodiments illustrated in FIG.11 should therefore not be interpreted to be exclusive or limiting, butrather exemplary or illustrative.

FIG. 12 shows the process flow for creating VMs and associated networksin a virtual infrastructure in accordance with one embodiment of theinvention. In operation 252, the method defines virtual networktemplates in a database, where the network templates include networkspecifications, such as the subnet mask, gateway and DNS information,etc. See for example FIGS. 7 and 8 with information about networktemplates. After operation 252, the method flows to operation 254 wherea configuration of a virtual system is created. The configurationincludes VMs, virtual lab networks associated with virtual networktemplates, and connections from the VMs to the virtual lab networks. Thevirtual lab networks can be shared networks or CLNs, as previouslydiscussed in reference to FIG. 1.

Following operation 254, the method instantiates VMs in the virtualinfrastructure in operation 258. Further, the method instantiates thevirtual lab networks of the configuration in operation 260, but only ifthe virtual networks do not yet exist in the virtual infrastructure. Inoperation 262, the method retrieves information from the database, suchas the network specifications from the virtual network templatesassociated with the virtual lab networks and network resources for thevirtual lab networks. The network resources are chosen from a pool ofavailable network resources.

The method flows from operation 262 to operation 264 where programminginstructions are created, such as a script, for each VM according to theGOS of the VM and to the information retrieved from the database. Seefor example FIG. 7 describing how information is stored and retrievedfrom the database. Further, in operation 264, the method performs theprogramming instructions in the corresponding GOS to configure the VMsnetwork interfaces with the corresponding network specifications. In oneembodiment, virtual lab sends the programming instructions to thevirtual infrastructure to be executed in the corresponding VM. Themethod operations 259-266 together accomplish the deployment of theconfiguration in the virtual infrastructure to obtain a deployedconfiguration. See for example deployed configurations 608 and 610 inFIG. 6; 152, 154 and 156 in FIG. 10; etc.

FIG. 13 is a simplified schematic diagram of a computer system forimplementing embodiments of the present invention. It should beappreciated that embodiments of the invention described herein may beperformed with a digital processing system, such as a conventional,general-purpose computer system. Special purpose computers, which aredesigned or programmed to perform only one function may be used in thealternative. As shown in FIG. 13, the computer system includes a centralprocessing unit 1104, which is coupled through bus 1110 to random accessmemory (RAM) 1106, read-only memory (ROM) 1112, and mass storage device1114. Program 1108 resides in RAM 1106, but can also reside in massstorage 1114. Program 1108 can include a virtual machine, a virtualrouter, and other programs used to implement embodiments of theinvention. Mass storage device 1114 represents a persistent data storagedevice such as a floppy disc drive or a fixed disc drive, which may belocal or remote. Network interface 1130 provides connections via network1132, allowing communications with other devices. It should beappreciated that CPU 1104 may be embodied in a general-purposeprocessor, a special purpose processor, or a specially programmed logicdevice. Input/Output (I/O) interface provides communication withdifferent peripherals and is connected with CPU 1104, RAM 1106, ROM1112, and mass storage device 1114, through bus 1110. Sample peripheralsinclude display 1118, keyboard 1122, cursor control 1124, removablemedia device 1134, etc.

Display 1118 is configured to display the user interfaces describedherein. Keyboard 1122, cursor control 1124, removable media device 1134,and other peripherals are coupled to I/O interface 1120 in order tocommunicate information in command selections to CPU 1104. It should beappreciated that data to and from external devices may be communicatedthrough I/O interface 1120.

Embodiments of the present invention may be practiced with variouscomputer system configurations including hand-held devices,microprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumerelectronics, minicomputers, mainframe computers and the like. Theinvention can also be practiced in distributed computing environmentswhere tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linkedthrough a network.

With the above embodiments in mind, it should be understood that theinvention can employ various computer-implemented operations involvingdata stored in computer systems. These operations are those requiringphysical manipulation of physical quantities. Any of the operationsdescribed herein that form part of the invention are useful machineoperations. The invention also relates to a device or an apparatus forperforming these operations. The apparatus may be specially constructedfor the required purpose, such as a special purpose computer. Whendefined as a special purpose computer, the computer can also performother processing, program execution or routines that are not part of thespecial purpose, while still being capable of operating for the specialpurpose. Alternatively, the operations may be processed by a generalpurpose computer selectively activated or configured by one or morecomputer programs stored in the computer memory, cache, or obtained overa network. When data is obtained over a network the data maybe processedby other computers on the network, e.g., a cloud of computing resources.

The embodiments of the present invention can also be defined as amachine that transforms data from one state to another state. Thetransformed data can be saved to storage and then manipulated by aprocessor. The processor thus transforms the data from one thing toanother. Still further, the methods can be processed by one or moremachines or processors that can be connected over a network. Themachines can also be virtualized to provide physical access to storageand processing power to one or more users, servers, or clients. Thus,the virtualized system should be considered a machine that can operateas one or more general purpose machines or be configured as a specialpurpose machine. Each machine, or virtual representation of a machine,can transform data from one state or thing to another, and can alsoprocess data, save data to storage, display the result, or communicatethe result to another machine.

The invention can also be embodied as computer readable code on acomputer readable medium. The computer readable medium is any datastorage device that can store data, which can be thereafter be read by acomputer system. Examples of the computer readable medium include harddrives, network attached storage (NAS), read-only memory, random-accessmemory, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, CD-RWs, magnetic tapes and other optical andnon-optical data storage devices. The computer readable medium caninclude computer readable tangible medium distributed over anetwork-coupled computer system so that the computer readable code isstored and executed in a distributed fashion.

Although the method operations were described in a specific order, itshould be understood that other housekeeping operations may be performedin between operations, or operations may be adjusted so that they occurat slightly different times, or may be distributed in a system whichallows the occurrence of the processing operations at various intervalsassociated with the processing, as long as the processing of the overlayoperations are performed in the desired way.

Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail forpurposes of clarity of understanding, it will be apparent that certainchanges and modifications can be practiced within the scope of theappended claims. Accordingly, the present embodiments are to beconsidered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the invention is notto be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified withinthe scope and equivalents of the appended claims.

1. A method for creating virtual machines (VM) and associated networksin a virtual infrastructure, the method comprising: defining virtualnetwork templates in a database, each virtual network template includingnetwork specifications; creating a configuration of a virtual systemwhich includes VMs, virtual lab networks associated with virtual networktemplates, and connections from the VMs to the virtual lab networks; anddeploying the configuration in the virtual infrastructure to obtain adeployed configuration, the deploying including, instantiating in thevirtual infrastructure the VMs of the configuration, instantiating inthe virtual infrastructure the virtual lab networks of the configurationif the virtual networks do not yet exist in the virtual infrastructure,retrieving information from the database, the information including thenetwork specifications from the virtual network templates associatedwith the virtual lab networks and network resources for the virtual labnetworks from a pool of available network resources, creatingprogramming instructions for each VM according to a guest operatingsystem (GOS) of the each VM and the retrieved information from thedatabase, and performing the programming instructions in thecorresponding GOS to configure the VMs network interfaces with thecorresponding network specifications.
 2. The method as recited in claim1, further including: cloning the configuration of the virtual system tocreate a cloned configuration; deploying the cloned configuration in thevirtual infrastructure to obtain a cloned deployed configuration,wherein each deployed configuration has identical network specificationsand the deployed configurations do not conflict with each other.
 3. Themethod as recited in claim 1, further including: creating a VM template,the VM template including one or more network interfaces; andassociating each network interface of the VM template with one of thevirtual lab networks, wherein a VM associated with the VM template isconfigured with the network specifications of the corresponding virtuallab network when the VM is instantiated during the deploying.
 4. Themethod as recited in claim 1, wherein the network specifications areselected from a group consisting of a subnet mask, a gateway, a networkaddress range, one or more Domain Name System (DNS) servers, availableaddressing modes, shared network or configuration local network (CLN)mode, or fencing mode.
 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein eachvirtual lab network is one of a CLN or a shared network, wherein the CLNis isolated and available only to VMs in the deployed configuration,wherein the shared network is available to all deployed configurations.6. The method as recited in claim 1, further including: copying theconfiguration of the virtual system to create a copy configuration;modifying the copy configuration; and deploying the copy configurationto obtain a deployed copy configuration, wherein the deployedconfiguration and the deployed copy configuration coexist within thevirtual infrastructure without conflicting with each other.
 7. Themethod as recited in claim 1, further including: capturing an existingVM in the virtual infrastructure to create a VM template; reconfiguringnetwork interfaces from the existing VM to a matching network templatein the created VM template.
 8. The method as recited in claim 1, furtherincluding: deploying a second configuration of the virtual system toobtain a second deployed configuration, the configuration including afirst CLN, the second configuration including a second CLN, wherein thefirst and the second CLNs have same network specifications, the firstand the second CLNs being isolated and independent from each other afterdeploying the second configuration.
 9. The method as recited in claim 8,further including: joining the first CLN and the second CLN when thefirst CLN and the second CLN have same network specifications, thejoining providing connectivity between VMs connected to the first CLNand the second CLN.
 10. The method as recited in claim 1, furtherincluding: copying a source VM from the configuration to a copy VM in asecond configuration of the virtual system; and reconfiguring thenetwork interfaces in the copy VM with matching networks in the secondconfiguration.
 11. The method as recited in claim 10, further including:deploying the second configuration to obtain a second deployedconfiguration; and joining a virtual lab network from the VM in thedeployed configuration with a virtual lab network from the VM in thesecond deployed configuration to provide connectivity between VMs of thedeployed configurations, the joining being performed by the virtualinfrastructure.
 12. The method as recited in claim 1, further including:deploying a second configuration of the virtual system to obtain asecond deployed configuration, the configuration including a first CLN,the second configuration including a second CLN, wherein the networkspecifications of the second CLN are obtained by copying the networkspecifications of the first CLN and by modifying the copied networkspecifications, wherein the first and the second CLNs are isolated andindependent from each other after deploying the second configuration.13. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein instantiating the VMfurther includes: registering the VM in the virtual infrastructure; andpowering on the registered VM.
 14. The method as recited in claim 1,wherein the configuration of the virtual system further includes:virtual network interface cards (VNIC) for the VMs, wherein theconnections from the VMs to the virtual lab networks are associated witha corresponding VNIC.
 15. A system for creating virtual machines (VM)and associated networks in a virtual infrastructure, the systemcomprising: a database for storing virtual network templates,configurations of virtual systems, virtual lab networks created, and apool of available network resources for each of the virtual lab networkscreated, wherein each virtual network template includes networkspecifications, wherein each configuration includes VMs, virtual labnetworks associated with virtual network templates, and connections fromthe VMs to the virtual lab networks; and an application module fordeploying a configuration to obtain a deployed configuration, thedeploying including, instantiating in the virtual infrastructure the VMsof the configuration, instantiating in the virtual infrastructure thevirtual lab networks of the configuration if the virtual lab networks donot yet exist in the virtual infrastructure, retrieving information fromthe database, the information including the network specifications fromthe virtual network templates associated with the virtual lab networksand network resources for the virtual lab networks from the pool ofavailable network resources, creating programming instructions for eachVM of the configuration according to a guest operating system (GOS) ofthe each VM and the retrieved information from the database, andtransmitting the programming instructions for execution in the GOS ofcorresponding VMs to configure the VMs network interfaces.
 16. Thesystem as recited in claim 15, wherein the application modulecommunicates via an application programming interface (API) with avirtual infrastructure server to request the instantiation of the VMsand the virtual lab networks.
 17. The system as recited in claim 15,wherein data structures in the database include: a network table fortracking the virtual lab networks created, the virtual lab networksbeing one of a shared network or a CLN; a network address range tabledefining a range of network addresses for the virtual lab networks inthe network table; and a reserved network addresses table definingnetwork addresses currently allocated to VMs.
 18. The system as recitedin claim 17, wherein the application module accesses the reservednetwork addresses table to avoid creating VMs with duplicate networkaddresses when deploying the VMs.
 19. The system as recited in claim 17,wherein the data structures further include: a configuration table fortracking deployed configurations of virtual systems; a virtual machinetable for tracking deployed VMs in the deployed configurations; aconfiguration network table for tracking deployed networks from thedeployed configurations; and a network interface table for tracking theconnections from the VMs to the virtual lab networks.
 20. A computerprogram embedded in a computer-readable storage medium, when executed byone or more processors, for creating virtual machines (VM) andassociated networks in a virtual infrastructure, the computer programcomprising: program instructions for defining virtual network templatesin a database, each virtual lab network template including networkspecifications; program instructions for creating a configuration of avirtual system which includes VMs, virtual lab networks associated withvirtual network templates, and connections from the VMs to the virtuallab networks; and program instructions for deploying the configurationin the virtual infrastructure to obtain a deployed configuration, thedeploying including, instantiating in the virtual infrastructure the VMsof the configuration, instantiating in the virtual infrastructure thevirtual lab networks of the configuration if the virtual lab networks donot yet exist in the virtual infrastructure, retrieving information fromthe database, the information including the network specifications fromthe virtual network templates associated with the virtual lab networksand network resources for the virtual lab networks from a pool ofavailable network resources, creating programming instructions for eachVM according to a guest operating system (GOS) of the each VM and theretrieved information from the database, and performing the programminginstructions in the corresponding GOS to configure the VMs networkinterfaces with the corresponding network specifications.
 21. Thecomputer program as recited in claim 20, wherein each virtual labnetwork is one of a CLN or a shared network, wherein the CLN is isolatedand available only to VMs in the deployed configuration, wherein theshared network is available to all deployed configurations.
 22. Thecomputer program as recited in claim 20, further including: programinstructions for creating a VM template, the VM template including oneor more network interfaces; and program instructions for associatingeach network interface of the VM template with one of the virtual labnetworks, wherein a VM associated with the VM template is configuredwith the network specifications of the corresponding virtual lab networkwhen the VM is instantiated during the deploying.
 23. The computerprogram as recited in claim 20, further including: program instructionsfor cloning the configuration of the virtual system to create a cloneconfiguration; and program instructions for deploying the cloneconfiguration in the virtual infrastructure to obtain a clone deployedconfiguration, wherein each deployed configuration has identical networkspecifications and the deployed configurations do not conflict with eachother.